β is estimated from daily returns vs the NEPSE index (~1 year lookback). Rankings refresh weekly (Saturdays) — β moves slowly day to day. Stocks listed less than 6 months are excluded. Listings 6–9 months old drop the first 10 circuit sessions before β is computed. Sectors use one canonical name (e.g. Finance Companies, Hydropower). High β amplifies losses on red days too — pair with Market Timing when risk is ON.